If you’re working in the construction or design industry, or planning to build or renovate in Australia, you’ve probably heard of the Building Code of Australia (BCA). But what is it exactly? How does it work? And why is it so important?
In this in-depth guide, we’ll break down what the BCA is, how it fits within the National Construction Code (NCC), and what it means for your project in 2025. Whether you’re a builder, architect, or homeowner, this article will help you understand the essentials.
The Building Code of Australia (BCA) is a set of technical standards that apply to the design and construction of buildings in Australia. It ensures that buildings are safe, healthy, energy-efficient, and accessible, while also promoting environmental sustainability.
The BCA is published by the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) and is a core part of the National Construction Code (NCC).
BCA = Volume One + Volume Two of the NCC
To clarify, the BCA is not a separate document — it actually forms Volumes One and Two of the NCC:
- Volume One: Covers commercial, industrial, and multi-residential buildings (Class 2–9).
- Volume Two: Covers residential buildings like houses, townhouses, and sheds (Class 1 and 10).
Volume Three of the NCC is the Plumbing Code of Australia, which falls outside the BCA.
So, when someone says “the BCA,” they’re typically referring to building design and construction standards, not plumbing or drainage.
What Does the BCA Cover?
The BCA sets minimum standards for many critical aspects of building performance, including:
- Structural stability
- Fire safety and resistance
- Health and amenity (e.g. ventilation, natural light)
- Access and egress (including disability access)
- Energy efficiency (thermal performance, insulation, sealing)
- Waterproofing and weatherproofing
- Sound insulation and separation
It includes both Performance Requirements (what must be achieved) and Deemed-to-Satisfy (DtS) Provisions (how to achieve it in a compliant way).
Why is the BCA Important?
The BCA helps ensure buildings are:
- Safe to occupy (resistant to fire, structurally sound, and hygienic)
- Accessible to all Australians, including people with disabilities
- Energy-efficient, reducing long-term environmental and financial costs
- Consistent nationwide, making it easier for professionals to work across different states
Whether you’re submitting a DA (Development Application), designing a floorplan, or preparing for construction, compliance with the BCA is mandatory.
Key Updates to the BCA in 2022/2025
The latest BCA updates came with NCC 2022, which started being adopted in stages throughout 2023–2025. Key changes include:
- 7-Star Energy Efficiency Requirements
Houses and townhouses must meet higher thermal performance standards. - Whole-of-Home Energy Use Budget
Encourages efficient appliances, heating, cooling, and solar systems in residential projects. - Improved Livable Housing Design
New accessibility features like step-free entry, wider doorways, and reinforced bathroom walls are now part of the DtS path for homes. - Condensation Management
Better design standards for ventilation and moisture control in walls, ceilings, and floors. - Fire Safety for External Walls
Updated provisions for non-combustible materials and facade systems, particularly in multi-storey buildings.
These changes reflect a growing focus on climate resilience, livability, and future-proofing in Australian buildings.
Who Must Comply with the BCA?
Compliance with the BCA is legally required for:
- Builders and Developers
- Building Designers and Architects
- Engineers and Certifiers
- Drafting Professionals
- Project Managers
- Homeowners undertaking construction
Every state and territory enforces the BCA through their own building legislation, and councils or private certifiers ensure compliance during the approval and inspection process.
How to Comply with the BCA
There are typically three pathways to compliance:
- Deemed-to-Satisfy (DtS) – Follow the pre-set solutions in the code.
- Performance Solution – Use alternative methods, as long as you prove it meets the performance requirements.
- Combination of Both – Many projects use a mix of DtS and Performance Solutions.
Consulting with a building designer or certifier early in the process can help you choose the best path and avoid costly redesigns or compliance issues later.
FAQs About the BCA
1. Is the BCA the same as the NCC?
Not exactly. The BCA is a part of the NCC — specifically, Volumes One and Two. The NCC also includes Volume Three, the Plumbing Code of Australia.
2. Do I need to follow the BCA for home renovations?
Yes. If your renovation includes structural changes, extensions, or new builds, it must comply with the BCA. Minor cosmetic work may not trigger BCA compliance, but always check with your local building authority or certifier.
3. Where can I get access to the BCA?
You can access the BCA for free by registering on the official ABCB website. You’ll be able to download the latest NCC volumes and access tools and resources to assist with compliance.
